New words and expressions
equal
He equaled the world record. 平了世界纪录
Nobody equals him in strength.
= Nobody matches him in strength. 相匹敌
In English she has no equal in her class 在 … 无敌
be / stand head and shoulders above sb.
be much better than others 明显超过他人，鹤立鸡群
In computer programming, Susan is head and shoulders above the rest of us.
Women demand equal pay for equal work.
A is equal to B
equality 不可数 平等
racial equality
sexual equality
We wish to inform you that we specialize in garments for more than twenty years, and shall be pleased to establish business relations with you on the basis of equality and mutual benefits.
raise
募集，筹措
raise one’s hand 举起一只手
raise one’s voice 提高音量
raise one’s hat to sb. 打招呼
raise one’s glass to sb. 向默认祝酒
raise the roof 发脾气大吵大闹
raise pigs 饲养
He has a big family to raise. 养活
We’re raising a fund for orphans. 募集资金 及物
rise
The sun also rises 太阳照常升起
arise 问题，困难等抽象的东西出现 不及物动词
arose / arisen
Problems arose.
arouse 激起某种情绪
arouse one’s pity / anger …
―You look happy today.
―Yes. I got a raise. 作为名词，涨工资
We pay two thousand Yuan monthly to start. It’s our policy to hire on a trial basis. If you work out all right after three months you will be put on the permanent payroll and be given a raise.
Text
be always doing sth.
老是做某事 厌烦语气
He is always being late.
People are always talking about the problems of youth.
be forever doing sth. 同义
He is forever talking about the friendly people, the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and gentle pace of living.
be constantly / continually doing sth. 同义
The boys are constantly / continually arguing.
Your behavior reflects on me, and I can’t do my job if you’re constantly humiliating me.
Constantly? Aside from today, give me one example.
keep (on) doing sth.
From the moment he arrived there, he kept on pestering his doctor to tell him when he would be able to go home.
In the process, he enjoyed himself thoroughly and kept telling everybody how much he hated hospitals.
do sth. all the time
W: I thought the doctor said you should stay off your foot until the swelling goes down.
M: She did. It just makes me uncomfortable to ask my friends to wait on me all the time. What does the man mean?
stay off one’s foot 卧床休息
the swelling goes down 消肿
uncomfortable for 中 o 不发音
wait on me = serve sb 伺候
Sam, mess up the kitchen (always)
Sam is always messing up the kitchen.
Bruce, leave his dirty dishes on the table (forever)
Bruce is forever leaving his dirty dishes on the table.
Peter, try to show me he’s smarter than me (constantly)
Peter is constantly trying to show me he is smarter than me.
Mary, borrow my clothes without asking me (continually)
Mary is continually borrowing my clothes without asking me.
Why, you, make the same mistakes (keep on doing)
Why do you keep on making the same mistakes?
Jane, forget to give me my phone messages (do sth. all the time) Jane forgets to give me my phone messages all the time.
one cause or another
各种各样的理由
One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter.
He is always asking me for money for one cause or another
one … or another 各种各样的 …
Beginners will err at one time or another.
Everyone can contribute to society in one way or another.
one … after another 一个又一个的
one day after another 日复一日的
encounter one difficulty after another 克服了一个又一个困难
achieve one success after another
manage to do
设法完成了某事
fail to do: 没能完成某事
When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.
have sth. done 请某人做某事
I’m going to have my hair cut this weekend.
不愉快的经历或遭遇
… people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
King Charles Ⅰ had his head cut off.
The house had its window broken in the explosion.
无灵主语
The sea bed was scoured with powerful nets and there was tremendous excitement on board when a chest was raised from the bottom.
He lost his confidence.
Confidence deserted him.
I couldn’t sleep that night.
That night sleep eluded me.
We only travelled half the distance at sunset.
Sunset met us halfway.
The past few years witnessed the great influx of foreigners to China, for travelling, studies or business.
造句
造句：我的小女儿总是抱怨 (complain of) 各种各样的病，但她从未成功地得到允许 (get permission) 呆在家里。
My little daughter is always complaining of one illness or another, but she has never managed to get permission to be at home.
used to do
过去常常 现在不了
I used to get up early.
be / become / get used to n./doing
I’m used to getting up early.
‘We’ll get used to that, Bill,’ said the vicar.
Life is not fair, get used to it. — Bill Gates
be accustomed to (doing) sth
For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.
strike the hours
钟打点报时
It would strike twelve in twenty minutes.
ever since
adv. / prep. / conj. 从那以后，一直……(用完成时）
There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food. 介词
You know how she feels about you. It’s been the same way ever since we were kids. 连词
造句
造句：过去日夜辛苦工作的老王两年前下岗 (be laid off) 了，从那以后就变得懒了。
Lao Wang who used to work hard day and night was laid off two years ago and has been lazy ever since.
wake
wake (up): vi & vt. 醒了; 唤醒…
up 的小区别是起来没
The doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead.
go / get to sleep fall asleep
toss and turn 辗转反侧 不能入眠
I was tossing and turning all night.
insomnia 失眠症
He suffered from insomnia.
sit up / stay up 熬夜
He sat up all night, preparing for the exam.
night owl
He is a night owl. 爱熬夜的人
start
n. 激灵（由于恐惧或惊讶身体突然的一动）
wake (up) with a start
She woke from the dream with a start.
with + 名词 作状语修饰谓语动词
The officer went through the case with great care. … 非常仔细地检查了那个箱子
He had spotted a tiny bottle at the bottom of my case and he pounced on it with delight.
Then I added with a smile.
His few material possessions make it possible for him to move from place to place with ease
She faced the difficulty calmly
She faced the difficulty with calmness
I looked at her curiously
I looked at her with curiousity
She spoke to me tenderly
She spoke to me with tenderness
I greeted Philip enthusiastically
I greeted Philip with enthusiasm
非谓语作状语
Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock, …
When he looked at his watch, he saw that it was one o’clock.
非谓语 (doing; done; to do) 作状语时，一般情况下其隐含的主语应该与主句主语保持一致
Looking at his watch, it was one o’clock.
before 的译法
强调主句的时间很长时,译为才
It will be a long time before we meet again. 要过很久，我们才能再见面
强调主句的时间很短时,译为就
I hadn’t waited long before he came. 我还没等多久，他就来了
arm sb. with sth.
用 sth. 武装 sb.
Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower …
sb. carry sth.
Carrying a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower …
go on
v. 发生（多用进行时表示正在发生的事）
What’s going on here?
happen / occur / come up / come about 未经计划的发生
take place 计划发生
The funeral will take place on Monday.
strike 不幸的事突然发生
Most people were fast asleep when the earthquake struck 沉睡中
ensue 随之发生
I objected to his advice and a heated argument ensued.
coincide (with …) 两件事碰巧同时发生
When I came, he was just about to leave.
My arrival coincided with his departure.
catch sight of …
catch a glimpse of … 一眼瞥见
glimpse …
figure
A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a figure cutting corn in the moonlight. 人影
a political figure 人物
One of the most colorful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764.
recognize … as …
I recognized her as one of my classmates
grocer
杂货商
grocery 杂货店 / 购买的杂货
发音变化
this year
s + j = ʃ this year
Bless you. I promise you.
t + j = tʃ
last year don’t you won’t you statue
d + j = dʒ
did you would you graduate credulous
z + j = ʒ
May I use your book? How’s your father?
“疑问词+ever ”
1.表示 “无论…”
Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
- 表示 “到底…” whenever, wherever, whoever, whichever …
Wherever did you go yesterday?
When ever am I going to see you again?
on earth 到底
What on earth has happened to trouble you so?
in the world 到底
What in the world are you doing here at seven in the morning?
in God’s / heaven’s name 到底
What in God’s name was that huge bang?
Where in heaven’s name have you been?
the hell 到底 他妈的 比较粗鲁
What the hell was that noise?
How the hell are we going to do that?
have been doing
现在完成进行时 表示持续性的动作一直到现在，而且还有可能继续下去
night after night
night by night
every night
one night after another
day after day
day by day
every day
one day after another
Oceans apart, day after day, and I slowly go insane.
for weeks 好几周了
for hours 好几小时了
for months 好几个月了
for years 好几年了
for centuries 好几百年了
was / were hoping …
表达一种试探性的，委婉的语气。
I was hoping you could marry me.
You certainly did give me a surprise
强调肯定式 (emphatic positive)
在肯定句和祈使句中，在谓语动词前加上助动词 do 以加强语气。只用于一般现在时 (do, does) 和一般过去时 (did) 中。
I do need a car.
He does speak English well.
So you did come after all.
Come in. Do come in.
Shut up! Do shut up!
as well …也…
as well as … 除了…之外, …也…
You’ve probably woken up everyone in the village as well (as me).
still 尽管如此，还是 …
同义词
nevertheless
nonetheless
all the same
just the same
The girl is not beautiful.
Still, I like her very much.
Nevertheless / nonetheless / all the same / just the same, I like her very much.
Still, I’m glad (that) the bell is working again.
形容词补足语
…, but I’m afraid (that) at one o’clock it will strike thirteen times and there is nothing I can do about it.
there is nothing I can do about it
对此我无能为力
The telephone is out of order, and there is nothing I can do about it.
be out of order 出故障了
I know you are not satisfied, but there is nothing I can do about it.
We apologize for this, but there is nothing we can do about it.
as good as
Thirteen is not as good as one … 和 … 一样好
as good as: almost 几乎……；和……差不多
The injured man is as good as dead.
Everything is as good as settled.
As far as I could see, it needed only a minor adjustment: a turn of a screw here, a little tightening up there, a drop of oil and it would be as good as new.
be not one’s cup of tea
某人不喜欢的东西
Swimming is not my cup of tea. 我不喜欢游泳
Mountain hiking is not my cup of tea.
make tea 沏杯茶
make water 撒尿