New words and expressions
archaeologist(英) / archeologist (美)
n. 考古学家
archaeology / archeology 考古学
“arch(a)” = ancient
archaic 古代的
archaic words
archaic civilizations
“(o)logy” = to study -ist“人”
archaeology archaeologist
biology biologist 生物学
geology geologist 地质学
psychology psychologist 心理学
physiology physiologist 生理学
anthropology anthropologist 人类学
prosperous
[‘prɒspərəs] adj.（经济上）繁荣的
a prosperous country / businessman
prosperity 经济繁荣 不可数
economic prosperity
We’ll keep the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong at any cost.
One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.
prosper 兴旺 不及物
A company can’t prosper without investment.
thrive / flourish
A company can’t thrive / flourish without investment.
plants that thrive / flourish in tropical rainforests 植物枝繁叶茂
a thriving / flourishing tourist industry
storey(英)/ story(美)
n. 楼层
storey -> storeys
story -> stories
a two-story house 名词作定语 用单数
The house is two stories high. 作表语
a multi-story parking lot
英式
美式
阁楼
attic
顶层
the top floor
…
…
…
二层
the first floor
the second floor
一层
the ground floor
the first floor
地下室
basement
sacred
adj. 宗教的；神圣的
a sacred holiday 宗教节日
sacred music 圣乐
Mecca is a sacred place. 圣地
Holy
Holy Bible
holy water
a holy war
blessed 神圣的 有福的
the Blessed Virgin Mary
It is more blessed to give than to receive
divine 上帝的 神的
To err is human,to forgive divine. — Alexander Pope 凡人多舛误 唯神能见宥
remains
[rɪ’meɪnz] n. 遗物，遗迹，废墟
the remains of a meal
the remains of ancient Rome
His remains are buried in the churchyard. 遗体 注意用的复数
the rest of sth.
the remainder of sth.
the rest of the semester
= the remainder of the semester
what is left of sth. 被动
what remains of sth. 主动
Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they greedily devoured what was left of the cake.
It is recounted of Thomas Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry Taylor, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyle’s.
classical
adj. 古代（希腊和罗马）文化的
classical studies 对古代文化的研究
classical music 古典音乐
classic 经典的
a classic novel
electric an electric light / razor
electrical electrical failure 停电
historic a historic moment 有历史意义的时刻
historical historical records 历史记录
economic economic policy 经济政策
economical an economical car 节约的，节省的，节油车
politic a politic decision 一个有策略的决定
political political asylum 政治避难
rest
v. 倚放，放置
Her elbows rested on the table.
She rested her head against a cushion.
rest on / upon 建立在 … 的基础上
Columbus’ decision to sail west rests on his belief that the world is round.
be based / founded on / upon
depend on / upon
rely on / upon
Don’t always depend on others. You should learn to rely on yourself.
While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.
Text
make a discovery (of…)
discover
在英语中，名词占优势地位，更正式、更灵活
make an interesting discovery (of …)
use
make use of …
make the best use of…
He made the best use of his talent.
describe
make a vivid description of …
investigate
make a thorough investigation of …
summarize
make a comprehensive summary of …
analyze
make a detailed analysis of …
Some time ago, archaeologists made an interesting discovery on the Aegean island of Kea.
语句正确，但是这个句子重心变成了 archaeologists 。让重要的内容做主语，突出重点。
A radio message from the mainland had been received by the ship’s captain instructing him to give up the search.
the city of Beijing
of 引出地点的名字
the promontory of Ayia Irini
the tiny village of Perachora
the famous monastery of St. Bernard
the novel of Three Kingdoms
the novel entitled Three Kingdoms
the movie entitled Da Vinci Code
the man named / called Vincent
an American team of archaeologists
位于
be located/situated/sited
Strange forms stand in gardens, and outside buildings and shops.
The Monument to the People’s Heroes stands in the center of Tian’anmen Square.
The house sits/stands on top of a hill overlooking the town.（立体感，矗立）
The famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the 11th century, lies about a mile away. （建筑群，平面感）
promontory
promontory (headland): a long narrow area of high land that sticks out into the sea
cape: a very large piece of land sticking out into the sea
the Cape of Good Hope 好望角
at one time
= once
take two pills at a time 一次吃两片药
The city at one time must have seen / known prosperity. 经历
enjoy 享有（好的东西）
enjoy good health
enjoy a high standard of living
The garments are magnificent and tasteful and have long enjoyed great fame both at home and abroad.
be blessed with … 享有
They were blessed with two children, a boy and a girl.
be endowed with … 天生就有
She is endowed with both brains and beauty. 才貌双全
We hold（我们认为） these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. ― Thomas Jefferson
boast 事物有 …
There is a lot of beautiful scenery in China.
China boasts a lot of beautiful scenery.
a girl with blue eyes
a mug with a broken handle
a vastly improved method
a much acclaimed novel 备受称赞的小说
equip A with B
be equipped with …
equipment 设备 不可数
The classrooms are equipped with modern multimedia teaching equipment.
a great many (of ) + 可数名词
a great number of … + 可数名词
a great amount / deal of … + 不可数名词
beneath
beneath / underneath -> on 贴着
under -> over 隔着点距离
below -> above 未必正下正上方
be used as …
The wooden box is used as a seat.
act / serve / function as …
The wooden box acts / serves / functions as a seat.
BC / AD
B.C. (BC): Before Christ
A.D. (AD): Anno Domini
times/age
in modern / recent / ancient / prehistoric times
in times of … in times of peace / war 在和平时期/在战争时期
In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state …
age the Ice Age 冰川时代 注意大写 固定用法
the Stone Age 石器时代 注意大写 固定用法
the modern age
the computer age
era / epoch 时代时期
the steam-engine era / epoch
the end of an era / epoch
His death marked the end of an era.
the beginning of a new era / epoch
It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
The foundation of the People’s Republic of China marked the beginning of a new era.
represent
= stand for
Honey, this gold ring stands for / represents my love for you.
on behalf of …
Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech on behalf of the Chinese government during the meeting
deliver a speech
Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech representing / standing for the Chinese government during the meeting.
date from … 可以追溯到
date back to …
can be traced back to …
造句
丝绸之路 (the Silk Road) 的繁荣可以追溯到遥远的汉朝。
The prosperity of the Silk Road dates from / dates back to / can be traced back to the distant Han Dynasty.
happen to do
碰巧，千万不要翻译成发生
= it happen that …
sth. happen to sb.
A car accident happened to him. 他发生了一起车祸
We happened to take the same train.
It happened that we took the same train.
chance to do
it chance that …
We chanced to take the same train.
It chanced that we took the same train.
by chance by accident
accidentally
We took the same train by chance / by accident / accidentally.
as it happen 碰巧
As it happened, we took the same train.
W: I don’t imagine you would have time to help me with this. 我想你没有时间帮我
M: As it happens, I would.
Q: What does the man mean? Answer: (B) He can help the woman.
as luck would have it 碰巧，但是不带感情色彩
As luck would have it, we took the same train.
W: You do look cold. What happened?
M: I’ve been standing outside in Arctic temperature for over an hour waiting for a bus.
W: Over an hour, but I thought your apartment was only a ten-minute bus ride to campus.
M: Under normal conditions, but the bus was delayed because of the weather and when I stepped into a drugstore to call home for a ride, the bus went by. As luck would have it, there was no one at home, so I had to wait another forty five minutes for the next bus.
W: That’s Murphy’s law, isn’t it. What was it said “If anything can go wrong, it will.” Well, we still get twenty minutes to gather our wits together.
drugstore 杂货铺
gather our wits 冷静下 不是收集智慧
preserve
preserve keep sth. in good condition 保持质量
preserve one’s eyesight / food
conserve 保持数量不下降
conserve wildlife / resources
reserve 保留以备后续使用
Reserve your energy for the climb tomorrow.
All Rights Reserved
I reserve the right to disagree.
reserve a table for 2
nervous
anxious 发音不要勾舌头
使惊讶
surprise
astonish 不敢相信眼睛，不敢相信耳朵
He was astonished at what he found.A man was lying in the box on top of a pile of woolen goods.
amaze 迷惑地惊讶
astound 惊呆了，像石头一样
The police were astounded when Mrs. Ramsay told them what she had done.
turn out to be
turn out to be 出乎意料地原来是
prove (to be) 被证明是
Eric’s girlfriend turned out to be his half-sister.
mordern-looking
an interesting-looking carved dagger
hard-working
easy-going
stand
The tower stands 15 meters (high). 书面语，相当于 be 动词
weigh
The boy weighs 50 kilos.
measure
The carpet measures 5 meters long.
The carpet measures 3 meters across.
rest on
Her hands rested on her hips. 叉腰站立
Her face rested on her hands. 手托香腮
尽管
介词
despite
in spite of
notwithstanding
连词
though
although
even though
while
以下结构仅用于书面语中
in spite of the fact that …
despite the fact that …
Despite the fact that the bottle is tinted a delicate shade of green, an observant visitor would soon notice that it is filled with what looks like a thick, grayish substance.